13-2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
01. Progressive reform took place at which three levels of government?
City
State
Federal
02. Most progressive reform began at which level?
City
03. Tammany Hall, an example of a political machine that could sustain the attacks of progressives, was in which city?
New York City
04. The greatest municipal improvements occurred when which two groups joined forces?
Reformers
Political Machines
05. Name the city utilities that were often a focus of progressive reformers.
Water
Gas
Electricity
06. Which progressive mayor provided work relief programs to combat economic downturns? He was the mayor of which city?
Hazen Pingree/Detroit
07. Name the most famous progressive governor. Which state did he represent?
Robert La Follette—Wisconsin
08. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire took place in which city?
New York City
09. Which name is given to an election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections? What was its precursor?
Direct Primary—Party Leaders
10. What was created within business to provide information and dispute-resolution services to both sides?
Labor Departments
11. What was done to protect workers and improve their working conditions?
Workers’ Accident Insurance and Compensation
12. Which two Supreme Court decisions focused on maximum working hours during the progressive era?
Lochner v. New York
Muller v. Oregon
13. Which Supreme Court decision struck down a law that focused on setting maximum working hours?
Lochner v. New York
14. The Lochner case focused on which “industry”?
Bakers
15. The Lochner decision was based on the government’s inability to interfere with what?
Contracts
16. Which Supreme Court decision eventually allowed the government to control working hours?
Muller v. Oregon
17. The Muller decision focused on protecting which group of workers? How did it protect them?
Women—10 Hour Day
18. The Muller decision dealt with workers in which industry?
Laundry
19. Which group led the fight to abolish child labor during the progressive era? Child labor was considered employment of individuals under which age?
National Child labor Committee—14
20. Which “economic” focus also resulted in the reduction of the hiring of children?
Minimum Wage
21. Name the first state to institute a minimum wage. Who led the early campaign for minimum wage?
Massachusetts—Florence Kelley
22. The Muller decision hurt women since it often led to them being fired due to pay, hurt their chances for reaching equality with men, and hurt their chances to achieve what goal?
Suffrage
23. Progressives argued that protective legislation for women would eventually include whom?
All Workers
24. Progressivism at the national level focused on which four areas?
Labor and Industrial Regulation
Regulation of Business and Commerce
Preservation of Environment
Social Legislation
25. TR’s first attempt to be the “progressive President” involved which event?
Coal Strike
26. What caused the Anthracite Coal Strike?
Low Wages
27. Which event made TR believe that he had to intercede on the Anthracite Coal Strike?
Winter
28. Which term refers to a process in which an impartial third party decides on a legally binding solution?
Arbitration
29. What did TR threaten to use in order to make the mine owners follow his suggestion for arbitration?
Federal Troops
30. What phrase did TR use when referring that both sides won a fair settlement in the Anthracite Coal Strike?
Square Deal
31. During TR’s second term, he focused on which two progressive reforms?
Regulating Railroads
Regulating Foods and Drugs
32. Which law, instituted during TR’s second term, allowed the government to limit railroad rates if shippers complained of unfair treatment? Who carried out the act?
Hepburn Act—ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission)
33. Which law required accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats?
Pure Food and Drug Act
34. Which law was created in 1890 to check big business?
Sherman Antitrust Act
35. What was the weakness in the Sherman Antitrust Act? Who did TR have enforce it?
Not Enforced—Attorney General
36. TR first used the Sherman Antitrust Act against which company?
Northern Securities Company
37. Which company did TR attack as a holding company that was acting like a monopoly? What was the industry of this company?
Northern Securities Company—Railroads
38. How many antitrust actions were filed by the TR administration?
41
39. What did TR believe should be done with good trusts, those that did not harm the public?
Supervised and Controlled
40. What was the name of the first national park established in America? Where? When? Second?
Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) 1872
Yosemite (California) 1890
41. Harrison and Cleveland set aside how many acres of forestland to be preserved?
35 Million
42. Who did TR name as the leader of the U.S. Forest Service, which was created to protect land and water use?
Gifford Pinchot
43. How much land was set aside by the national government under the TR administration?
200 Million Acres
44. Which cabinet department was created to focus on workers during the TR administration?
Department of Labor
45. Name the two first female bureau heads and the areas they represented.
Julia Lathrop—Children’s Bureau
Mary Anderson—Women’s Bureau
46. Prohibition meant to protect society from which two ills associated with drinking?
Poverty
Violence
47. Due to the participation of women in the prohibition crusade, brewery and liquor interests opposed which progressive movement of the ladies?
Suffrage
48. The states in which section(s) of the nation largely prohibited alcohol by the time of national legislation?
West
South
49. Which constitutional amendment banned alcohol? When? When was it repealed?
18th 1919 1933
50. Name the progressive amendments.
16th—Income Tax
17th—Direct Election of Senators
18th—Prohibition
City
State
Federal
02. Most progressive reform began at which level?
City
03. Tammany Hall, an example of a political machine that could sustain the attacks of progressives, was in which city?
New York City
04. The greatest municipal improvements occurred when which two groups joined forces?
Reformers
Political Machines
05. Name the city utilities that were often a focus of progressive reformers.
Water
Gas
Electricity
06. Which progressive mayor provided work relief programs to combat economic downturns? He was the mayor of which city?
Hazen Pingree/Detroit
07. Name the most famous progressive governor. Which state did he represent?
Robert La Follette—Wisconsin
08. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire took place in which city?
New York City
09. Which name is given to an election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections? What was its precursor?
Direct Primary—Party Leaders
10. What was created within business to provide information and dispute-resolution services to both sides?
Labor Departments
11. What was done to protect workers and improve their working conditions?
Workers’ Accident Insurance and Compensation
12. Which two Supreme Court decisions focused on maximum working hours during the progressive era?
Lochner v. New York
Muller v. Oregon
13. Which Supreme Court decision struck down a law that focused on setting maximum working hours?
Lochner v. New York
14. The Lochner case focused on which “industry”?
Bakers
15. The Lochner decision was based on the government’s inability to interfere with what?
Contracts
16. Which Supreme Court decision eventually allowed the government to control working hours?
Muller v. Oregon
17. The Muller decision focused on protecting which group of workers? How did it protect them?
Women—10 Hour Day
18. The Muller decision dealt with workers in which industry?
Laundry
19. Which group led the fight to abolish child labor during the progressive era? Child labor was considered employment of individuals under which age?
National Child labor Committee—14
20. Which “economic” focus also resulted in the reduction of the hiring of children?
Minimum Wage
21. Name the first state to institute a minimum wage. Who led the early campaign for minimum wage?
Massachusetts—Florence Kelley
22. The Muller decision hurt women since it often led to them being fired due to pay, hurt their chances for reaching equality with men, and hurt their chances to achieve what goal?
Suffrage
23. Progressives argued that protective legislation for women would eventually include whom?
All Workers
24. Progressivism at the national level focused on which four areas?
Labor and Industrial Regulation
Regulation of Business and Commerce
Preservation of Environment
Social Legislation
25. TR’s first attempt to be the “progressive President” involved which event?
Coal Strike
26. What caused the Anthracite Coal Strike?
Low Wages
27. Which event made TR believe that he had to intercede on the Anthracite Coal Strike?
Winter
28. Which term refers to a process in which an impartial third party decides on a legally binding solution?
Arbitration
29. What did TR threaten to use in order to make the mine owners follow his suggestion for arbitration?
Federal Troops
30. What phrase did TR use when referring that both sides won a fair settlement in the Anthracite Coal Strike?
Square Deal
31. During TR’s second term, he focused on which two progressive reforms?
Regulating Railroads
Regulating Foods and Drugs
32. Which law, instituted during TR’s second term, allowed the government to limit railroad rates if shippers complained of unfair treatment? Who carried out the act?
Hepburn Act—ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission)
33. Which law required accurate labeling of ingredients, strict sanitary conditions, and a rating system for meats?
Pure Food and Drug Act
34. Which law was created in 1890 to check big business?
Sherman Antitrust Act
35. What was the weakness in the Sherman Antitrust Act? Who did TR have enforce it?
Not Enforced—Attorney General
36. TR first used the Sherman Antitrust Act against which company?
Northern Securities Company
37. Which company did TR attack as a holding company that was acting like a monopoly? What was the industry of this company?
Northern Securities Company—Railroads
38. How many antitrust actions were filed by the TR administration?
41
39. What did TR believe should be done with good trusts, those that did not harm the public?
Supervised and Controlled
40. What was the name of the first national park established in America? Where? When? Second?
Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) 1872
Yosemite (California) 1890
41. Harrison and Cleveland set aside how many acres of forestland to be preserved?
35 Million
42. Who did TR name as the leader of the U.S. Forest Service, which was created to protect land and water use?
Gifford Pinchot
43. How much land was set aside by the national government under the TR administration?
200 Million Acres
44. Which cabinet department was created to focus on workers during the TR administration?
Department of Labor
45. Name the two first female bureau heads and the areas they represented.
Julia Lathrop—Children’s Bureau
Mary Anderson—Women’s Bureau
46. Prohibition meant to protect society from which two ills associated with drinking?
Poverty
Violence
47. Due to the participation of women in the prohibition crusade, brewery and liquor interests opposed which progressive movement of the ladies?
Suffrage
48. The states in which section(s) of the nation largely prohibited alcohol by the time of national legislation?
West
South
49. Which constitutional amendment banned alcohol? When? When was it repealed?
18th 1919 1933
50. Name the progressive amendments.
16th—Income Tax
17th—Direct Election of Senators
18th—Prohibition