UNIT 1 TEST
Multiple Choice: Select the best possible answer.
1. The work of Thomas Edison is important because he
a. developed an efficient process for making steel.
b. helped make electricity more widely available.
c. invented the talking telegraph.
d. financed the creation of General Electric.
2. As a result of new methods of business communications,
a. more women found jobs as office clerks and switchboard operators.
b. the standard of living improved in rural areas.
c. the sexual division of labor between men and women decreased.
d. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
3. The rapid industrial growth of the late 1800s was made possible by all of the following factors except
a. a technological revolution.
b. public welfare programs.
c. financial investments.
d. improved transportation systems.
4. Andrew Carnegie believed that the rich should
a. give away money as charity.
b. leave their fortunes to their heirs.
c. give gifts to benefit the masses.
d. build towns for their workers.
5. During the late 1800s, most factory workers stayed on the job despite harsh working conditions because
a. government programs provided little relief for unemployed workers.
b. employers provided on-the-job training.
c. workers believed in the process of “natural selection.”
d. there was a great supply of available labor.
6. During a strike at a Carnegie steel plant, violence erupted when
a. an anarchist threw a bomb.
b. the governor called in the militia.
c. Pinkertons were brought in.
d. Employers ignored a government injunction.
7. Some unions formed during the 1860s and 1870s did not last long because of
a. economic downturns and failed strikes.
b. growing opposition by employers.
c. lack of members who were skilled craftspeople.
d. enactment of social and economic reforms.
8. One effect of the mechanization of industry was
a. a chance for children to help the family earn a living.
b. a sexual division of labor, giving men better-paying jobs.
c. the organization of important women’s labor unions.
d. new safety standards for women and children.
9. In their struggle against unions, employers used
a. “yellow dog” contracts.
b. the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
c. vertical consolidation.
d. closed shop agreements.
10. In order to improve working conditions in the late 1800s, many labor unions promoted
a. the “gospel of wealth.”
b. the system of piecework.
c. economy of scale.
d. collective bargaining.
11. A dramatic population shift occurred between 1860 and 1900 as thousands of
a. native-born Americans returned to their farms, discouraged with factory work.
b. African Americans moved into the cities of the North.
c. immigrants came to the industrial centers of the United States.
d. Americans moved abroad to act as recruiters for potential workers.
12. By the late 1800s, many Americans began to think that big business
a. had consumer interests at heart.
b. could not be trusted.
c. was influenced by government officials.
d. would spread the “gospel of wealth.”
13. The Pullman Strike of 1894 is a turning point because it led to
a. intervention of government in labor matters.
b. an economic depression.
c. the break up of the Knights of Labor.
d. widespread union corruption.
14. Industrialists and farmers in the late 1800s disagreed most over
a. tariffs.
b. immigration.
c. the Homestead Act.
d. cooperatives.
15. Settlers in the U.S. West acquired land in all of the following ways except by
a. purchasing land from big businesses.
b. purchasing land directly from the government.
c. purchasing land from speculators.
d. trading manufactured goods for Native American homelands.
16. Most African American Exodusters migrated west in order to
a. work as sharecroppers on bonanza farms.
b. escape discrimination in the South.
c. find relatives who had fled during the Civil War.
d. prospect for gold and silver.
17. An example of western women’s great progress toward independence was the
a. passage of woman suffrage in ten western states.
b. prominence of women as big business leaders.
c. establishment of agricultural colleges.
d. passage of the Homestead Act.
18. A major factor in the destruction of Native American nations was the
a. discovery of precious metals on Native American lands.
b. policies of the federal government.
c. invention of steam-powered threshers.
d. publication of Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor.
19. Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce illustrate how
a. the U.S. government allowed some Native Americans to keep their homelands.
b. Christian missionaries converted Native Americans.
c. violent conflicts arose among settlers, the federal government, and Native Americans.
d. most Native Americans moved peacefully onto reservations.
20. One way in which reformers tried to “civilize” Native Americans was by
a. teaching them to hunt buffalo.
b. requiring them to farm individual plots.
c. finding them jobs on the railroads.
d. requiring their children to attend public schools outside the reservation.
21. Farm mechanization resulted in
a. an increase in farm production.
b. a decline in the number of eastern farms.
c. the demise of bonanza farms.
d. the stabilization of crop prices.
22. The cattle boom ended in the mid-1880s largely because
a. barbed wire caused conflict between ranchers and farmers.
b. too few Americans ate beef.
c. cow towns sprang up next to rail lines.
d. land policies favored farmers more than cattle ranchers.
23. Most American farmers in the late 1800s protested
a. free silver.
b. high tariffs on manufactured goods.
c. the Interstate Commerce Act.
d. the bimetallic standard.
24. During the 1896 presidential campaign, Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan
a. alienated African American voters.
b. gained the support of the northern states.
c. captured the Populist nomination.
d. ran on a gold-standard platform.
25. Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis has been criticized for
a. overemphasizing the role of African Americans in settling the West.
b. exaggerating the importance of big business.
c. presenting frontier life as much harder than it was.
d. equating the experience of women and men settlers.
26. According to Frederick Jackson Turner’s thesis, the American frontier
a. helped to form the American character.
b. promoted equal opportunities for African Americans.
c. destroyed Native American culture.
d. toughened the bodies and souls of young women.
27. The settlement of the West
a. helped preserve natural environments.
b. offered unlimited opportunity for men and women of all races.
c. often ignored democratic values.
d. brought prosperity to the United States.
28. Gold and silver strikes throughout the West eventually resulted in
a. corporate takeover on the mining industry.
b. wealth for most prospectors.
c. extension of railroads into the West.
d. prolonged periods of deflation.
29. During the Gilded Age, most supporters of laissez-faire policies
a. favored high tariffs on imported goods.
b. encouraged government regulation of business.
c. refused government land grants.
d. were Democrats.
30. Widespread corruption in government was largely the result of
a. tight money policies.
b. civil service reforms.
c. the policy of laissez-faire.
d. the spoils system.
31. The Interstate Commerce Commission established the precedent that
a. the practice of patronage was unacceptable.
b. federal employees should not be forced to make campaign contributions.
c. government should not interfere with business.
d. businesses were subject to government control.
32. Jacob S. Coxey called for a march on Washington to demand that government
a. protect unions.
b. return the country to the gold standard.
c. create jobs for the unemployed.
d. regulate the powerful railroads.
33. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, immigration laws discriminated most against
a. the Chinese.
b. northern Europeans.
c. agricultural workers.
d. Mexicans.
34. In the 1890s, immigration patterns shifted dramatically with most immigrants coming from
a. northern European countries.
b. southern and eastern European countries.
c. Mexico and Central America.
d. Japan and China.
35. Each of the following contributed to rapid urbanization in the late 1800s except
a. the large numbers of immigrants to the United States.
b. increased segregation and violence against African Americans in the South.
c. the irrigation of southwestern lands.
d. mechanization of agriculture.
36. Political machines gained power in the late 1800s largely because they
a. controlled crime and vice in the slums.
b. advocated political reform.
c. protected the interest of the middle and upper classes.
d. provided for the welfare of immigrants and other city dwellers.
37. The main objective of nativists was to
a. end discriminatory laws.
b. help immigrants adjust to American culture.
c. built tenement apartments for immigrants.
d. restrict immigration.
38. Prohibitionists and purity crusaders were alike in that both
a. promoted political machines.
b. opposed government intervention in citizens’ daily lives.
c. sought to rid society of immoral behavior.
d. worked to end discrimination against the “new” immigrants.
39. Most settlement houses in the late 1800s offered poor city-dwellers
a. aid in the form of money.
b. social services.
c. protection from crime.
d. asylum from corrupt city governments.
40. What was the overall effect of the public school system on immigrant children?
a. created divisions among immigrant children of differing cultures
b. helped immigrant children assimilate into American culture
c. provided immigrant children with a separate but unequal education
d. encouraged immigrant children to retain their native cultures
41. Which leisure activity was the most popular among urban women in the late 1800s?
a. playing baseball
b. going to a saloon
c. watching football
d. bicycling
42. Which statement best describes the educational experiences of African American students in the
late 1800s?
a. They learned basic skills only.
b. They were shuttled off to Native American schools.
c. They were educated in segregated schools of lesser quality than schools for white children.
d. They were forced to attend private religious schools.
43. What did W.E.B. Du Bois hope that education would do for African Americans?
a. assimilate African Americans into white culture
b. show African Americans how to win white acceptance
c. provide leadership for African Americans in their fight for equal rights
d. encourage pride in African and American heritages
44. Which of the following is an example of the transformation of African American culture?
a. the minstrel show
b. baseball
c. trolley parks
d. vaudeville
45. Why were many African Americans attracted to the North after Reconstruction?
a. There was no legal segregation in the North.
b. There were no lynching in the North.
c. There were settlement houses in black neighborhoods.
d. There was no de facto discrimination in the North.
46. Which of the following were African Americans in the South not required to do before they could
vote in the 1890s?
a. own property
b. pay a poll tax
c. pass a literacy test
d. find gainful employment
47. For what is Madam C.J. Walker remembered?
a. becoming the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D.
b. founding the first African American college
c. becoming a self-made millionaire despite discrimination
d. organizing the Niagara Movement
48. In the late 1800s, which group of women typically worked outside the home?
a. young single women
b. women in the South
c. older married women
d. uneducated women
49. Which of the following best describes the “new woman” of the early 1900s?
a. She retained Victorian morals.
b. She campaigned for radical social change.
c. She wore practical clothing.
d. She rejected marriage and motherhood.
50. By the turn of the century, what did most middle-class women consider their chief goal?
a. domestic fulfillment
b. voting rights
c. financial independence
d. a college education
True-False:
51. The first central power station was tested on Wall Street in 1882.
(A)
52. The Gospel of Wealth is most closely associated with John D. Rockefeller.
(B)
53. The AFL was considered a “bread and butter” union.
(A)
54. Many of the “exodusters” transplanted themselves to Missouri.
(B)
55. William McKinley delivered the Cross of Gold speech.
(B)
56. The Dawes Act was meant to “civilize” African Americans.
(B)
57. The Spoils System began with the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
(A)
58. The Pendleton Act brought the end to the Spoils System.
(A)
59. Queues was the main food item of the Chinese-Americans.
(B)
60. New Immigrants were from eastern and southern Europe.
(A)
61. Chester Arthur was a Half-Breed.
(B)
62. Jacob Coxey was arrested for walking on the grass.
(A)
63. Immigrants took a civics course to become American citizens.
(A)
64. Jim Crow laws first began in Massachusetts.
(A)
65. Andrew Carnegie was born in Scotland.
(A)
66. Carnegie Steel eventually became U.S. Steel.
(A)
67. The AFL refused to allow women to join their union.
(A)
68. Women first received the right to suffrage in mainly the western states.
(A)
69. Gold was found in the Yukon in 1875 and reduced the value of gold in the U.S.
(B)
70. Coolie was a negative term used against Japanese-Americans.
(B)
Matching A: People
1. Henry Clay Frick (J) a. Creator of the Grange
2. Jacob Riis (L) b. Invented barbed wire
3. Frederick Winslow Taylor (C) c. Originated the concept of scientific management
4. Leon Czolgosz (O) d. Assassinated Garfield
5. John P. Altgeld (F) e. Author of A Century of Dishonor
6. Lewis Latimore (M) f. Governor of Illinois--freed Haymarket rioters
7. Samuel Gompers (G) g. Leader of the American Federation of Labor
8. Eugene V. Debs (H) h. Leader of the union at the Pullman Strike
9. Richard Olney (K) i. Chased Chief Joseph out of the Wallowa Valley
10. Joseph Glidden (B) j. Shot at the Homestead Strike
11. Helen Hunt Jackson (E) k. Attorney General that interceded at the Pullman Strike
12. Oliver Kelley (A) l. Wrote on conditions of people in the cities
13. Oliver Otis Howard (I) m. Improved on Edison’s filament
14. Henry Cabot Lodge (N) n. Congressional leader--Immigration Restrictive League
15. Charles Guiteau (D) o. Assassinated McKinley
Matching B: Places and Things
16. Vertical Consolidation (J) a. Created to end alcohol consumption
17. Castle Garden (F) b. Political machine in New York
18. Mugwumps (H) c. Concept followed by John D. Rockefeller
19. Hull House (G) d. Detention center in San Francisco
20. Stalwarts (O) e. Concept that called for “hands off”
21. Pinkertons (M) f. Immigration center located in Manhattan
22. Half-Breeds (I) g. Settlement program in Chicago
23. WCTU (A) h. Republicans who voted Democratic
24. Ellis Island (L) i. Wanted reform in area of spoils system
25. Horizontal Consolidation (C) j. Concept followed by Andrew Carnegie
26. Independents (N) k. First regulatory board
27. Laissez-Faire (E) l. Immigration center in New York (post-1892)
28. ICC (K) m. Hired to remove strikers at Homestead Act
29. Tammany Hall (B) n. Wanted total reform in spoils system
30. Angel Island (D) o. Wanted to leave spoils system as it was